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  Question Help me with my soap making project. I made a bar soap but the results were not something to write home about. I used 2000 ml palm oil, 300ml lye (Sodium hydroxide) and 800 ml of water. I heated to the oil to a low temperature just to dilute it. Then I mixed the lye with water till it disolved, before I poured the Oil into the water. I stired with a stick because my electric hand mixer got spoiled the last time I used it. The soap gelled in seconds as I stired so that as I was putting it in the mold, I was literally scooping it. Ideally I should be able to pour out a thick liquid. Now the soap is crystalline hard, and it disintegrates when cutting instead of getting neat cuboids. The Questions are: Which ingredients were too much or too little? How can I achieve a soap that is easy to pour in the mold? How do I achieve a soap that does not become rock hard when it sets? Finally, my soap is an orange colour due to the palm oil. What is the most cost effective method for b...

  This artcle brings to you the eternal rivalry between two of the most notorious uninvited house guests: rats and mice. Some people think they’re the same, but that’s like confusing a domestic cat with a leopard. Sure, they’re both rodents, but that’s where the similarities end. Typical rats are the heavyweight champions of the rodent world, ranging from 6 to 10 inches long. Typical Mice, on the other hand, are the featherweights, coming in at a modest 2 to 4 inches. However, there are many species of rats and mice. For example, the Brown Rat (most common urban rat) can be significantly longer (body length up to 11 inches, tail up to 9 inches). Common house mice are typically 3-4 inches long in body with a similar tail length.  If you see a rodent scurrying across your floor and you think, “Was that a small rabbit?”—congratulations, you have a rat. And there’s. Tell tail Sign Rats have long, thick, and sometimes slightly scaly tails that are often longer than their e...

  Disclaimer:  The information provided in this article is intended for general knowledge and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment. Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and often misunderstood autoimmune disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In this article, we will explore the global statistics of MS, its symptoms, risk factors, and how it can be managed. We’ll also discuss why MS is on the rise in developing countries and what governments can do to protect their citizens. What is multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerves, known as myelin. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to a wide range of symptoms. MS p...

Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of Africa’s economy, employing a significant portion of the population and contributing to food security across the continent. Despite its importance, the sector faces numerous challenges, including low productivity, climate unpredictability, and resource inefficiency. These issues threaten livelihoods and the ability to meet the growing food demands of Africa’s rapidly expanding population. Modern technology is emerging as a game-changer for African agriculture, revolutionising traditional farming practices and offering innovative solutions to these longstanding challenges. By leveraging advancements in technology, farmers can boost productivity, reduce costs, and make informed decisions that enhance sustainability. Technologies such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming the way farming is done. Drones enable precise mapping, crop monitoring, and targeted spraying, reducing waste ...

  Introduction Have you ever wondered how some creatures survive in the most extreme environments on Earth? From the icy depths of the Antarctic to the scorching heat of hydrothermal vents. Nature has equipped certain organisms with incredible oxygen-transporting molecules. These molecules, like haemoglobin, aren’t just fascinating—they could hold the key to groundbreaking medical treatments for humans. Oxygen-transporting molecules, like haemoglobin, are proteins that carry oxygen from one place to another in living organisms. In humans, haemoglobin in our red blood cells delivers oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our body. Several organisms and animals possess haemoglobin or other oxygen-transporting molecules with potential medical benefits for humans. Some are so efficient that scientists are studying them to develop new medical treatments. The lugworm ( Arenicola marina ) is a marine worm that thrives in sandy or muddy coastal habitats. They survive in low oxygen an...